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For the violation of legitimate rights and interests of consumers a variety of offenses, how to provide for the corresponding legal responsibilities and how the legal liability system reflected the special protection of consumers should be “Consumer Protection Law” key solved a legal issue.
To solve this legal problem, it is necessary to further establish a regulated market operating order to protect legitimate interests of consumers and improving the legal liability system.
On the one hand is to establish a legal system the concept of protection of consumers;
The other hand, is to improve consumer protection legal liability system.
对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。
要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。
一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念；另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。
With the development of science and technology, people's lives have been greatly changed. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. For instance, the invention of computers dramatically increases work efficiency and helps complete many difficult tasks that were impossible in the past. Apart from this, new discoveries and technology in medicine improve people's health, which allows them to enjoy a longer life. The progress of science also enlarges human's ablilities to explore the world around them, from up into space to deep under the sea. Thanks to the development of science and technology, human society has enjoyed continuous prosperity and more convenience.
However, just like a double-edged sword, science can cause problems too. It is known to all that the nuclear power, an environmentally friendly source of energy, can also be developed into a weapon of mass destruction. In addition, human cloning, which is expected to cure many serious diseases and save lives, may bring disasters of social morality. As a matter of fact, most of the improvements in science are made at the cost of our precious natural resources and have done great harm to the environment where we live in.
Therefore, how to deal with the progress of science and technology properly is worth our careful consideration.
Nowadays,more and more hi-tech tools,such as calculator,computer,etc,appear in our daily use them wherever and whenever we are,so that our life becomes easier and more comfortable than before.
However,does anyone think about what problems science and technology have caused to happen in this world?To some degree,it's more serious than that we human indeed use them to improve our living standard,but on the other hand,we are becoming lazier,more reliable than we used to day long those hi-tech products accompany us,then we have either no space or time to think,as well,communication between each other decreases,and what takes place of it is the huge indifference and gap among human. To solve these problems,we should in no time take measures to do with with others and think on your own the times you use hi-tech the advantages of technology,we should absorb,at the meantime,be independent and abandon the could combine technology and human progress much closer and not lose ourselves in this modern society.
Nowadays, there is general trend that people engaging in technological revolutions. Nevertheless, a question has been raised, “how did the science change our living conditions”.
To begin with, the science can help us to relieve excessive stress and tension by providing a temporary escape from a day-to-day life. In a world that has increasingly focused on turning everyone into millionaire, to cope with the current social trend, people crave being actively involved in the larger world and widening circles. Work-related stress, for example, has become a major problem which plagues all of modern people. In the most cases, the TV or computer, which were invented by new technology in the 20th century, can not merely help us lessen stress accumulated from an individual's demanding work life but are also fun to indulge in, is a sound and viable plan.
In addition to eliminating people’s tension, the development of telephone and internet has improved our life styles. In other words, the science can allow us to meet friends of diverse background by an interesting and effective means. Especially, the age of a student or, better yet, the stage of the personal development of a student has to be considered when they have no leisure time and opportunity to widen circles and learn how to interact socially and behave in a group of their peers.
Finally, it is undeniable that continuously developing technologies
have brought tremendous benefits, especially in learning area. Learning has in many ways become easier than has ever been before. Take learning English for example, In the past, few students owned tape recorders, and learning materials were scarce as well. But today, tape recorders get more and more inexpensive, and diversified learning materials are readily available. On the other hand, new devices, such as MP3 or MD players, are offered in market, and relevant learning materials (MP3 files) are easily and freely downloadable from the Internet.
Admittedly, science revolution has some negative effects under certain circumstances. For instance, the new technology can harm our environment. However, after balancing all the pros and cons, the above-mentioned disadvantage seems to be minor.
Nowadays,more and more hi-tech tools,such as calculator,computer,etc,appear in our daily use them wherever and whenever we are,so that our life becomes easier and more comfortable than before. However,does anyone think about what problems science and technology have caused to happen in this world?To some degree,it's more serious than that we human indeed use them to improve our living standard,but on the other hand,we are becoming lazier,more reliable than we used to day long those hi-tech products accompany us,then we have either no space or time to think,as well,communication between each other decreases,and what takes place of it is the huge indifference and gap among human. To solve these problems,we should in no time take measures to do with with others and think on your own the times you use hi-tech the advantages of technology,we should absorb,at the meantime,be independent and abandon the could combine technology and human progress much closer and not lose ourselves in this modern society.
随着科学技术的发展,人们的生活已经大大改变了。毫无疑问,我们受益很多从科学进步在很多不同的方式。例如,电脑的发明极大地提高工作效率,帮助完成许多困难的任务,在过去是不可能的。除此之外,新发现和医学技术改善人们的健康,使他们享受更长的生活。科学的进步也扩大人类的能力去探索周围的世界,从太空深海底。由于科学和技术的发展,人类社会的持续繁荣和更方便。
然而,就像一把双刃剑,科学也可以造成问题。众所周知,核能,环保的能源,也可以发展成一个大规模杀伤性武器。此外,克隆人类,预计治愈许多严重的疾病和挽救生命,可能带来灾害的社会道德。作为事实上,大多数科学的改进都是我们宝贵的自然资源为代价的,我们生活的环境造成了极大的伤害。
因此,如何正确处理科学技术的进步是值得我们仔细研究。
如今,越来越多的高科技工具,如计算器、电脑、等,出现在我们的日常生活中。我们无论何时何地使用它们,使我们的生活变得比以前更容易、更舒适。然而,有人认为科技造成什么问题发生在这个世界上?在某种程度上,它比我们认为的更严重。我们人类使用它们来改善我们的生活标准,但另一方面,我们变得越来越懒,比我们更可靠。整天那些高科技产品伴随我们,然后我们已没有空间或时间思考,互相之间的交流减少,它的发生是巨大的冷漠和人类之间的差距。为了解决这些问题,我们应该立刻采取措施。首先,与别人交流和思考自己的更多。其次,减少你使用高科技工具。对于技术的优点,我们应该吸收,在此期间,独立和放弃缺点。因此,我们可以把技术和人类进步更近,而不是失去自我在这个现代社会。
1. 什么是英文摘要?
ABSTRACT，是用最为浓缩的语言将你论文的核心内容表述出来。删去属于文艺青年的文绉绉的形容词!删去属于二缺青年的“机器译文”!只留下普通、平实的内容。
2. 怎样写英文摘要?
可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要，如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。
概述(30词左右)：用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如：This paper is…或 This study focuses on…
目的(30词左右)：用To…就可以了，没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。
方法(50词左右)：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。常用的词汇有：test,study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。
结果(50词左右)：直入主题地摆出结果，如 This paper shows… 或 The results are…
结论(60词左右)：删去类似于“The result of the study showedthat…” 的赘语，逐条罗列出结论。
展望(20词左右)：指出研究对未来的意义，如 This paper is of greatsignificance in… 或指出不足。
3. 英文摘要有多长?
一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要，特殊情况可以分成两到三段，但最好不要超过三段。长度一般为200字到300字之间。
4. 英文摘要用什么语态?
规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态，突出信息。但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚，现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。
5. 英文摘要用什么人称?
最好不要出现I，we等第一人称代词，而是使用第三人称，如the author等。
6. 英文摘要用什么时态?
摘要的时态以一般现在时为主，表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时，用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时，总结主要的结果时通常用一般现在时。
注意：用paper 做主语来描述论文概况时后面常用一般现在时：This paper aimsto focus on… 而采用study 来描述相同的内容时则常用一般过去时：This study investigated…
7. 一定不要出现什么?
不常见的术语，插图，表格，数学公式，化学方程式，中文标点，过多的形容词，无关的背景资料，自我评价等。
英文摘要撰写的一般技巧【2】
由于大多数检索系统只收录论文的摘要部分或其数据库中只有摘要部分免费提供，并且有些读者只阅读摘要而不读全文或常根据摘要来判断是否需要阅读全文，因此摘要的清楚表达十分重要。为确保摘要的“独立性”(stand on its own)或“自明性”(self-contained)，撰写中应遵循以下规则：
1. 为确保简洁而充分地表述论文的`IMRD (Introduction， Methods，Results andDiscussion)结构的写作模式，可适当强调研究中的创新、重要之处(但不要使用评价性语言);尽量包括论文中的主要论点和重要细节(重要的论证或数据)。
2. 使用简短的句子，表达要准确、简洁、清楚;注意表述的逻辑性，尽量使用指示性的词语来表达论文的不同部分(层次)，如使用“We found that…”表示结果;使用“We suggest that…”表示讨论结果的含义等。
3. 应尽量避免引用文献、图表，用词应为潜在的读者所熟悉。若无法回避使用引文，应在引文出现的位置将引文的书目信息标注在方括号内;如确有需要(如避免多次重复较长的术语)使用非同行熟知的缩写，应在缩写符号第一次出现时给出其全称。
4. 为方便检索系统转录，应尽量避免使用化学结构式、数学表达式、角标和希腊文等特殊符号。
5. 查询拟投稿期刊的读者须知，以了解其对摘要的字数和形式的要求。如果是结构式摘要，应了解其分为几段，使用何种标识、时态，是否使用缩写或简写，等等。
摘要写作的时态【3】
摘要写作时所采用的时态应情况而定，力求表达自然、妥当。写作中可大致遵循以下原则：
1. 介绍背景资料时，如果句子的内容为不受时间影响的普遍事实，应使用现在式;如果句子的内容是对某种研究趋势的概述，则使用现在完成式。
例如：
The authors review risk and protectivefactors for drug abuse, assess a number of approaches for drug abuse preventionpotential with high-risk groups, and make recommendations for research andpractice. [Psychological Bulletin, 1992, 112 (1): 64-105]
Previous research has confirmed fourdimensions of temperament: …. [Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993, 50 (12):975-990]
2. 在叙述研究目的或主要研究活动时，如果采用“论文导向”，多使用现在式(如：This paper presents…);如果采用“研究导向”，则使用过去式(如：This study investigated…)。
This article summarizes research onself-initiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviorsusing the key transtheoretical constructs of stages and processes of change.[American Psychologist, 1992, 47 (9): 1102-1114]
We investigated whether captopril couldreduce morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunctionafter a myocardial infarction. [New England Journal of Medicine, 1992, 327(10): 669-677]
3. 概述实验程序、方法和主要结果时，通常用现在式。
We describe a new molecular approach toanalyzing the genetic diversity of complex microbial populations. [Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 1993, 59 (3): 695-700]
Our results indicate that p21 may be auniversal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. [Nature, 1993, 366 (6456): 701-704]
4. 叙述结论或建议时，可使用现在式、臆测动词或may,should, could等助动词。
We suggest that climate instability in theearly part of the last interglacial may have delayed the melting of the Saaleanice sheets in America and Eurasia, perhaps accounting for this discrepancy.[Nature, 1993, 364 (6434): 218-220]
本文的目的在于研究这类营销信息中，究竟是什么因素与人们最终的转发行为有关并且影响最大。
以往关于人们的在线行为的研究中，有关于人们的在线购物行为的研究、关于知识在线分享行为的研究但是很少有关于营销信息在线分享行为的研究。
因此，本研究将结合社会学、行为学、经济学、心理学各领域的理论，研究营销信息的传播影响因素。
同时，将三个变量细分成不同的维度，与一条典型营销信息包含的各个方面结合起来，利用因子分析和回归分析，研究不同维度、不同变量对最终分享行为的影响。
本研究以新浪微博为主要数据收集研究平台，把社交平台上营销信息中具有典型性的有奖转发类信息作为主要研究对象。
研究结果表明，信任的影响最明显，其包含的对信息源、信息内容和制度规范三个维度的信任影响显着；其次是成本，其包含的事前成本和事后成本两个维度均表明影响显着；另外，期望价值及其包含的两个维度对转发的影响都不大。
本研究结论可从商业应用推广至公益、教育、舆论等各领域的应用，平台适用性也可从新浪微博延伸至微信等其他社交平台，因此十分具有现实意义。
关键词：信息分享；在线行为；信息传播；交换理论；信任；有奖转发
Abstract
As the information technology develops and the social network platform prospers,moreand more information are spreading and shared through the Internet. According to the uniqueadvantage that social network platform owns,
many marketers also see the business andpotential market there. They are also considering spreading the marketing information throughthis platform in a more efficient way.
The research aims at find out those factors that influence peoples online sharing behaviorabout marketing Information on social network sites. In the literature review, there are studiesanalyzing peoples online shopping behavior,
or online knowledge sharing behavior. But thereare few analyzing online marketing information sharing behavior. This study uses theoriesfrom sociology, ethology, economics and psychology to study the influential factors of onlinesharing behavior.
Its based on the three main variances: Expected Reward from sociology andethology, Cost from economics, and Trust from the psychology but always mentioned underthe internet condition.
These three variances were divided into more dimensions and differentcharacters of the marketing information were matched to them. We used factor analysis andregression analysis to find out which factors have more influence.
The data was collectedthrough Sina Weibo platform and sample was based on marketing information of rewardingrepost.
It turns out that Trust has the most obvious influence on the online sharing behavior,including dimensions of trust in information source, trust in information content andinstitutional mechanisms (Seal Programs).
Influence of Cost ranks second,both of the twodimensions are contributive. Expected Reward has the least influence. In the end,
the thesisprovide marketing suggestions and solutions according to the key factors in a and the studys result. The conclusion could be applied not only for commercialusage but also for commonweal,
education or public opinion spreading. It also supports SNSplatforms other than Sina Weibo. All these lead to the conclusion that this study is meaningfulin practise.
Keywords: information sharing； online behavior； information spreading； exchangetheory； trust； rewarding reposts
Titanium ore, elected from magnetite or Titan magnetite, is widely used as the raw material in the production of titanium dioxide. Titanium quality and its yield constraints is often the bottle neck in the titanium industry.
Thus, we can not blindly consume a large amount of capital to maintain or improve its quality and yield. This paper makes an attempt to explores and optimize the development of the titanium industry, through inside and outside observation and association. In this paper, flotation tests are conducted to compare the original pulp titanium ore with Polyacrylamide and that without on the concentrate grade yield of titanium concentrates.
In this process, the consumption of drugs, the recovery rate of , equipment utilization, the amount and cost of polyacrylamide (PAM) are all considered to determine whether it is a ptimization program to add Polyacrylamide to the original flotation pulp of titanium ore.
Finally, we reach a conclusion through relevant data .In the experimental process, in principle,
we do not change the original flotation process and the relevant parameters.
Key words: Titanium ore; Flotation; Polyacrylamide; quality; yield
Every time I go to Beijing, I spend a whole day at the Beijing Museum of science and technology.
Science and Technology Museum and the magnificent bird's nest echo from afar, it is like a silver ball, like a mysterious ufo. The Museum of science and Technology Museum is about forty thousand square meters, with five floors, namely, _Science Park_, _China Light_, _exploration and discovery_, _science and technology and life_, _challenge and future_ five themes exhibition hall.
Into the lobby of the first floor, the ceiling, covered with white ball, under the control of computer, small ball variety, a while like Pyramid, a string of genetic chains as soon as possible...... In the northwest corner of the first floor, one of my most interesting exhibitions is _Science Park_, which is specially designed for children aged 3 to 10 years. Walking into the exhibition hall is like coming to a fairy tale world. _Happy farm_, a car is a small tractor ploughing, little friends can try sitting on a tractor ploughing, work process simulation of tractor front on the big screen, very interesting. In the _space station_, children drive the spaceship to see the earth, and also travel through the space-time tunnel to simulate space exploration activities. In the swimming Bay, the exhibition design some games, such as pipe games, children manipulate the valve to let the water flow to different destinations, through transparent glass to see if the control of water flow in the pipeline, understand the principle of tap water. We know a lot of Science in the game of happiness.
Beijing science and Technology Museum is the largest, the most abundant exhibits, the most advanced facilities of professional science and technology. We also know a lot of profound knowledge in happy and relaxed games.
电脑已经成为人们和工作中不可缺少的工具，它在给人们带来诸多方便的同时，也带来了一些烦恼和忧虑，因为人们在长期从事电脑工作对健康的影响比较直接的。
一是对身体健康的直接影响。
电脑显示器利用电子枪发射电子束来产生图像，并伴有辐射和电磁波，长期使用会伤害人们的眼睛，诱发一些眼病，如青光眼等；键盘上键位密集，键面有一定的弹力和阻力，长期击键会对手指和上肢不利；操作电脑时，体型和全身难得有变化，操作向着高速、单一、重复等特点发展，强迫体位比重越来越大，容易导致肌肉骨骼系统的疾患，其中，计算机操作时所累及的主要部位有腰、颈、肩、肘、腕部等。
操作电脑过程中注意力高度集中，眼、手指快速频繁运动，使生理、心理过度重负，从而产生睡眠多梦、神经衰弱、头部酸胀、机体免疫力下降，甚至会诱发精神方面的疾患。
这种人易丧失自信，内心时常紧张、烦躁、焦虑不安，最终导致身心疲惫。
三是电脑散发的气体危害呼吸系统。
英国过敏症基金会的研究人员最近发表的一份研究报告指出，办公设备会释放有害人体健康的臭氧气体，而主要元凶是电脑、激光打印机等。
这些臭氧气体不仅有毒，而且可能造成某些人呼吸困难，对于那些哮喘和过敏症患者来说，情况就更为严重了。
另外，较长时间待在臭氧气体浓度较高的地方，还会导致肺部发生病变。
It was fine today, Lily and I went to visit the Science Museum. It is about two kilometers away from our homes, so we decided to go there by bike.
We set off at 8 o‘clock. At the museum we saw a lot of interesting things. We could operate some equipment. There we met many classmates and friends. We thought we had learned a lot and were more interested in science.
At half past eleven we left the museum for home. We enjoyed ourselves in the museum today.
Shanghai is the world's most economically developed cities. Today I was fortunate to e to Shanghai to visit this world's most economically developed cities. What makes me more glad that my mother agreed to take me to visit the Science and Technology Museum. I am very excited and anxious to immediately went to visit the Science and Technology Museum.
About Science and Technology Museum, to show in my eyes is a huge sphere, which is four-dimensional theater. The whole theater is a steel structure, surrounded by glass, people feel it's style. We rode the lift to the second floor, entered the world of robots. In peacetime only magazines, television and see the robot, and now finally witnessed his presence. In my immediate repair of robots, they are posed of single-arm, were holding hands, screwdriver, drill, wrenches. They left side of a puter, this puter is used to control the robot. As long as mouse clicks, they will make a variety of actions. Made me feel something is being repaired. Funny ah! Subsequently, we came to robot performance hall, there are a lot of repair robots, they are something to which the hand embroidered umbrella; some holding a rose; Some hand bells. Ready for people to perform wonderful programs. Their performances to life really unforgettable.
I went with the flow space heaven and earth. The middle of the hall to erect a tall rocket, was silver-white appearance, the top five-star red flag with one hand. The right side of the rocket has a simulated weightlessness of space, people sitting inside, you can float the ball inside, Not to, like immersive. I have also seen a real spacesuit: He is also a silver-white, formed by a number of the trachea. Thick spacesuit, astronauts put on him a stroke in the space unimpeded. I have also witnessed the food astronauts are canned. To imagine the hard life of the astronauts.
Out of the Science and Technology Museum, my heart a long time can not be calm. I am proud of the rapid development of the motherland, as Yimin high school students, I should his efforts.
Why doesn’t the fish sleep? Do we close eyeseyes, and now I don't know the answer why. Slowly, I can forget about it, until yesterday, the teacher asked us to write science this, I suddenly remembered, insists inquisitor asked what I 100 think not to get its solution, until yesterday to check online to see light suddenly!
The original fish eyelid, so they will keep your eyes open while sleeping. Even after death, will not close their eyes. Fish eyes and visual although low cervical spine animal, but the eyes of the structure is similar with human. What is different is that the human eye lens is oblate, can see distant things; and fisheye lens is spherical, can only see more recent things. If we don’t see the fish in the water is still, gill flash activity, which is the fish in bed! If you wake up to it, he will immediately move.
It turned out to be true. I was surprised when I realized that the question had finally been solved by me. I thought I could find a little paper for tomorrow. I was lying on my bed and went to sleep.
There's something I like very much in every showroom. The exhibition hall in the light of China, the main exhibition is China invented in ancient times, a rice mill, water tankers, Zhaozhou Bridge Model and Ricou car etc.. Ricourt meter car design with two hand drum hammer little shepherd, we drive the car, running through the small gear, every kilometer below the beat of a drum, the drum is gauged by hitting the car a total of the number of kilometers away, reflects the ancient people's ability and cleverness. In the discovery and discovery exhibition hall, the main exhibits are natural science exhibits, dinosaur bones, genetic inheritance, specimens of many plants and the growth of the 2550 old tree rings, etc..
Growth in 2550 is a giant sequoia trees, the original tree 65 meters high, 5 meters in diameter. In natural environment, the survival time is so long, it is rare. In the science and the life of the main exhibition hall, is the science of life, there is a train, travel, and Simulation of gravitational pull abacus electronic cabin etc.. Visitors can enter the simulation cabin and experience the pleasure of driving airplanes in person. I've been on a plane, but I've never been in a cockpit, so I'm curious and full of expectations about being able to fly. When I fly the plane, the front of the screen shows the runway, the sky, I seem to really hover in the blue sky. In the challenge and future exhibition hall, the main exhibition is the highest level of science and technology and human imagination of the future, there are space suit, Shenzhou 1 return warehouse, space station model and transgenic use. Enter the space station model, I understand the life of astronauts, weightlessness in the circumstances, astronauts life has a lot of inconvenience. Of course, the space station also has a lot of very user-friendly design, such as the installation of treadmills and so on.
To the closing time, I still do not want to leave, Chinese science and Technology Museum makes me linger. I want to study hard, practice painting, grow up, we should combine the painting skills and the use of modern science and technology, so that our life will become better!
ABSTRACT
This report selected Prime Li Keqiang's speech at press conference of NPC & CPPCC asmaterials and did mimic consecutive interpreting. Focusing on specific problems and difficultiesin interpreting practice, this report analyzed some examples and concluded .
After analyzing the transcribed materials and feedback of audiences, the author summarizedthe following problem and difficulty: 1) difficulty in accurately interpreting some important logicrelations in original text; 2) difficulty in interpreting logic relations in Chinese run-on sentence.
This report uses the theory of Cohesion and Coherence. According to the theoiy, both theoriginal text and target text in consecutive interpreting are discourses. So the interpreter issupposed to fully understand the differences between English and Chinese and convey 狂 coherentdiscourse to audiences. Under the guidance of this theory, this report analyzes some examples andgains corresponding strategies methods: 1) adding conjunctions, converting verb form and usingEnglish clause to solve the problem in accurately interpreting original logic relations; 2) dividingsentences, integrating and simplifying information to solve the problem in interpreting Chineserun-on sentence.
From the perspective of Cohesion and Coherence, this report provides ideas and specificmethods in handling the logical relations in C-E consecutive interpreting, deepening the author'sunderstanding to the same sorts of problems and offering lessons and references for theinterpreting practice in the future.
一、标点符号
1、中英文标点混用: 经常出现英文里夹有中文逗号和句号，中文标点占一个字距，英文标点占半个字距，很明显是不同的。
英文中如果冒出了占地多、又很粗大的逗号、引号、括号等，可能就是错用了中文标点。
如: He says，“What?”
2、英文标点后空格问题: 英文标点后都要空格，看起来是个挺简单的原则，但受中文的影响，有人打字时就总是忘了空格。
更有甚者，把字打成了先空格再加标点。
这些错误在外国人眼里都是很明显的，因为外国人特别注意断句。
3、英文中没有的符号: 英语中没有顿号和书名号，在表示并列时用逗号。
例如red、yellow、blue and black. 应该写成red，yellow，blue and black.《Beijing Youth Daily》应该写成Beijing Youth Daily。
4、中英文省略号的区别: 中文为中六点，英文为下三点。
常见的错误是英文中用了居中的三个黑点( xxx…) ，即用了中文省略号的一半。
二、数字
1、在正文中，数字10 以下用英语拼出， 10 以上(包括10) 用阿拉伯数字
序数词10 以下用英语拼出，10 以上( 包括10)用阿拉伯数字，如the 10th lunar month， the second lunar month ( 注意: th 不做上标) 。
带小数点的数字全部用阿拉伯数字表示，如 和 等。
数字超过1000，必须表达为1,000。
2、百分数范围的书写: 每个百分数后面的“%”都要重复写出，例如“50% ～70%”不能写成“50 ～70%”
3、数字与单位之间要空格，例如: km，m 和cm等与前面的数字之间要空格，例如1， 000 km，而不要连在一起。
英语论文格式要求
一、英语论文的标题
医学论文摘要的格式目前主要采用结构式摘要(structured abstract)，它是由加拿大Mc Master大学临床流行病学和生物统计学教授Haynes博士[1]于1990年4月首先提出的。
而几乎在同年，美国《内科学纪事》(Annals of Internal Medicine,Ann Intern Med)在国际上率先应用结构式摘要[2]，随之，世界各国的医学期刊都采用了结构式摘要[3]。
这些结构式摘要有8段式、7段式、6段式、5段式、4段式及3段式等，内容主要包括研究目的、研究设计、研究单位、研究对象或病人、处理方法、检测方法、结果及结论共8项。
而在实际应用中，8段式结构式摘要逐渐简化为4段式。
我国大多数医学期刊都采用了4段式结构式摘要，即目的、方法、结果和结论。
(1)目的(objective)：简要说明研究的目的，表明研究的范围、内容和重要性，常常涵盖文章的标题内容。
(2)方法(methods)：简要说明研究课题的设计思路，使用何种材料和方法，如何对照分组，如何处理数据等。
(3)结果(results)：简要介绍研究的主要结果和数据，有何新发现，说明其价值及局限。
此外，还要给出结果的置信值，统计学显著性检验的确切值。
(4)结论(conclusion)：简要对以上的研究结果进行分析或讨论，并进行总结，给出符合科学规律的结论。
为了更好地说明问题，我们来看下例：
(1)目的：探讨螺旋CT(SCT)对结、直肠癌术前分期的价值。
(2)方法：51例疑诊结、直肠肿瘤的患者行SCT扫描，扫描前清洁肠道，并经直肠注气，扫描范围从膈顶至耻骨联合。
The picture vividly depicts that a teaching is asking a pupil to answer a simple math-related question——what’s two plus two? Unfortunately, the child cannot answer such an easy question without tech help. In fact, the phenomenon conveyed in the picture does not surprise us, because as the science and technology develops, the topic concerning the side effects of technological advancement increasingly arouses people’s attention.
Undoubtedly, the drawer of the picture aims at reminding us that we should use technology in a proper way and not be too tech-dependent to solve the simple problem independently. It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. But, while enjoying the convenience produced by tech, we must alert its harm. Being over-addicted to technology will cost our health, independence, wisdom，creativity and even our ability to live.
Weighing the pros and cons of the technology, perhaps the best policy is to apply it properly. At the same time, we must avoid its harmful part. Furthermore, young people should be advised that depending too much on technology is hardly beneficial for them at all and more importantly they are expected to acquire the capacity to think independently.
这幅图形象地描述了一位老师正在让一名小学生回答一个简单的数学问题：2加2等于几?然而不幸的是，这个小孩在没有计算器的帮助下居然无法回答一个如此简单的问题。事实上，我们对图画所描述的这种现象毫不惊奇，因为随着科学和技术的发展，有关技术进步的副作用已经开始引起人们的关注。
权衡科技的利弊之后，可能最好的办法就是合理利用技术。同时，避免它的危害。而且，应该奉劝年轻人过度依赖技术对于他们百害而无一益，而且更重要的是年轻人应该养成独立思考的能力。
Today, my mother and I went to the China Science and Technology Museum near the bird's nest in Beijing. From afar, the newly built Chinese science and Technology Museum is grand and spectacular.
We walked in and found that it was a four story building with a main exhibition hall and an attached hall. Among them, the main exhibition hall is divided into four exhibition halls according to the Chinese light, exploration and discovery, science and life, challenge and future theme, which has many exhibits and large area, which is really breathtaking. I often go to the Tianjin Museum of science and technology, in contrast, is simply pale into insignificance by comparison.
YANG Zhi-yuan1,2,ZHOU An-ning2,ZHANG Hong2,ZHANG Qun2
( of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, X i'an,Shaanxi710054,China; Institute, Xi'an Branch of China Coal Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054,China)
Abstract: The UV photooxidation of Shenfu coal with different density fraction, which named D3( g/cm3)and D4(> g/cm3), respectively, were carried out in a fixed bed photoreactor. The difference of structural characteristics on the surface of coal and its density fraction were analyzed comparatively using a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) method. The results show that the main form of oxygenous functional groups is C-O on the coal surface. Three types of coal nitrogen(pyrrolic, pyridinic and quaternary functionalities)in coal and its different density fraction, were found. The main forms of nitrogen on the surfaces of Shenfu coal were quaternary and pyrrolic, while on the surfaces of D3 density fraction were pyrrolic and pyridinic,D4 density fraction were pyrrolic, respectively. After the UV photooxidation of coal samples, the contents of oxygen functional groups of all coal samples decreased, while the contents of C-C increased. Meanwhile, the forms of quaternary nitrogen also converted to pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen on the surface of coal.
Key words: Shenfu coal; different density fraction; catalytic photooxidation; XPS
企业借助微博平台可以开展一系列的营销活动，以实现其提升知名度，扩大品牌影响力的目的。
微博营销已逐渐成为众多企业不可或缺的营销方式之一。
微博营销究竟能为企业带来多大效益，这是企业最为关注的问题，然而，对于微博营销效果影响因素及效果评估的科学研宄，目前尚处于稀缺状态。
本文以酒店微博为研宄对象，对微博营销效果的影响因素及营销效果的评估进行深入研究：
在总结现有的关于微博营销的研究基础上，假定各酒店决策层对酒店开展微博营销持有相同的重视程度，主要从受众(微博用户)的角度探究酒店微博营销效果的影响因素。
进而，以AISAS模式为指导，剖析微博用户行为，通过问卷调查，并结合Excel和数据统计分析，构建酒店微博营销效果的影响模型。
在此基础上，提出微博营销效果的评估指标假设模型，进而利用层次分析法构建完整的评估指标体系一以酒店微博营销综合效果为目标层，以影响力效果、传播效果和转化效果为准则层，
以微博影响力、品牌影响力、互动效果、粉丝价值、实际交易量和顾客满意度等8个指标为分准则层，以微博影响力指数、品牌热议度、品牌搜索数等14个指标为指标层。
最后，将此评估指标体系应用于宁波华侨豪生大酒店和宁波海尚大酒店，通过对酒店微博数据的观察和收集，运用综合指数法测算出酒店微博营销效果指数。
结果显示，这两家酒店微博营销效果收效甚微：
1.两家酒店并未充分利用微博展开各类营销活动，微博营销仍处于低水平，微博营销的开展并未使酒店的品牌知名度有明显的提升；
2.关于被转发数、被评论数和点赞数，两家酒店均不理想，粉丝中，认证粉丝比例较低，而活跃粉丝比例较为可观，但互动类活动组织很少，如何吸引大量粉丝关注，提升粉丝价值是两家酒店亟待解决的难题；
3.实际交易量并不乐观，虽然有较高的顾客满意度，但调查期内顾客发布消费体验的微博数却很少。
这两家酒店在一定程度上反映了目前酒店业开展微博营销存在的问题，由此，针对其营销现状，本文还提出了相关对策和建议：
1.准确定位，循序渐进；
2.把握微博发布的频率和最佳时间；
3.微博内容展现个性化；
4.线上线下营销活动巧妙结合；
5.增加有效粉丝，注重与粉丝互动。
关键词：微博营销；影响因素；效果评估；指标体系
Weibo is one of the most important social media tools nowadays, thepopularization of Weibo brings a new kind of network marketing - Weibomarketing. Enterprises use Weibo platform can carry out a series ofmarketing activities, in order to raise visibility and expand brand impact.
Weibo marketing has gradually become one of the channels of many companies. However, as a new kind ofnetwork marketing, Weibo marketing has some significant differencefrom traditional marketing.
In addition, the influence factors of Weibomarketing effectiveness has not been precisely defined, and is difficult to scientific assessment. Therefore, the majorityof firms develop the Weibo marketing are blind,
and Weibo marketing isstill at the exploratory stage. How much benefit Weibo marketing canbring for enterprises, which is the enterprise most concern. However, thescientific studies about the influence factors and evaluation of Weibomarketing effect are in a state of scarcity.
This paper takes the hotels Weibo as the research object, and deeplystudies the influence factors and evaluation of the Weibo marketingeffect:
On the basis of summarizing those existing research on Weibomarketing, it is assumed that the decision-makers from different hotelshold tiie same degree of attention on Weibo marketing. Then,
this paperexplores the influence factors of hotels Weibo marketing effect from theWeibo users perspective, analyzes the Weibo users behavior guided byAISAS mode ,
tiirough the questionnaire survey to build the hotel Weibomarketing effect model with statistical software such as Excel and .
On this basis, this paper puts forward tiie Weibo marketing effectevaluation index hypothetical model, and then use AHP to build acomplete evaluation system ,
this system takes the hotels Weibomarketing comprehensive effect as the goal layer, influence effect,communication effect and transformation effect as the criterion layer,takes Weibo influence, brand influence ,
interaction effect, fans value,actual trading volume and customer satisfaction as the sub-criterion layer,and takes 14 indexes such as Weibo influence index, brand hot degreesand brand search as the index layer.
Finally, this evaluation index system is applied to Ningbo HowardJohnson Plaza Hotel and Ningbo Riviera Hotel. Through the observationand data collection of the hotels Weibo, measure the hotel Weibomarketing effect index with the comprehensive index method.
The resultsshow that these two hotels have little effect about Weibo marketing:
1. Both hotels did not make full use of Weibo to launch various marketingactivities, Weibo marketing is still at a low level, and Weibo marketingdid not make the hotel brand awareness has obvious improvement；
hotels are not ideal about the number of transmission, commentand praise by Weibo users. Among their fans, the ratio of certified fans islow, while the ratio of active fans proportion is relatively substantial,
andfew interactive activities are organized. So, how to attract a large numberof fans, and enhance the fans value is an urgent problem；
3. The actualtrading volume is not optimistic. Although there is a higher satisfaction,customers release very few consumption experiences by Weibo during theinvestigation period.
To some extent, both hotels reflect the problemsexisting in the hotel industry to carry out the Weibo marketing, thus, fortheir marketing situation, this article also brings up some suggestions andcountermeasures:
1. Accurate positioning, step by step；
2. Grasp thefrequency and the best time on releasing information；
3. Showpersonalized content；
4. Online and offline marketing activities arecombined together；
5. Increase effective fans, pay attention to interactwith fans.
KEYWORDS: Weibo marketing； Influencing factors； Effect evaluation；Indicator system
21st century is the century of technology. Today, technology is everywhere. We often use several technologies ,such as computer and phone. These technologies make easier life for us.
With the development of technology and science, people are getting richer. Computer will go into every household. Computer can help us to do many things, such as playing games, designing and making us easier to do things.
With today's technology, the phone can do many things, such as taking photos and sending the e-mail on the phone. We needn’t write a letter. We just need to make a phone call, so you can know more and more from your friends or family.
With better and faster development of science and technology people can live better. If we do not have science and technology, our life will become even worse, the world cannot become beautiful. Without technology, there would be no technology life.
英文论文摘要模板
法律论文摘要英文翻译
商业特许经营“冷静期”条款之法律探析
Legal Research on the“Cooling off Clause” in Commercial Franchise
标题中，分析通常说“Analysis of”, 研究则说“Researchon”或者“Study on。标题尽量不要使用动词短语，更不能使用疑问句!要尽量将其名词化。
摘 要
固定说法，只有这一个
_颁布施行的《商业特许经营管理特许条例》(以下称“《特许条例》”)第十二条规定，特许人和被特许人应当在特许经营合同中约定，被特许人在特许经营合同订立后一定期限内，可以单方解除合同。
The Regulation onthe Administration of Commercial Franchises (hereinafter referred to as “the Regulation”)was promulgated by the State Council in . Article 12 of the Regulation regulates “The franchiser and thefranchisee shall stipulate in the franchise contract that the franchisee mayunilaterally rescind the contract within a certain term after the franchisecontract has been concluded.”
首先要学会断句。汉语常用长句，将意义整合于一体，一句话表达很多意思。英语则首先强调逻辑和意思清晰，如果说不清楚，则一句话表达一个意思。如上例。
此处，生词不再一一解释，感兴趣者可以自学，但建议学会“以下简称”的正确说法。
学界将这一条款称为“冷静期”条款，即在特许经营合同订立后赋予被特许人在一定期限内享有单方面解除合同的权利，这是冷静期制度在我国商业特许经营领域的首次立法尝试，亦是参考了国外关于冷静期的立法例。
This article is generally called the “Cooling off Clause” inthe law research field, which means after the binding of the franchisecontract, the franchisee shall be entitled to dissolve the in a certain period. This is the first legislative establishmentof “Cooling off Rules” in domestic commercial franchises domain. It is also ademonstration of referencing international legislations in .
Technologyis one of the most important factors to promote our society to develop from one era to another. Whether you are aware of it or not, every day at every time technology is greatly influencing the way we live and work. Computers, new technology in the 21th century, are the best examples.
As the greatest inventions of human beings, they are being used more and more extensively in the world today. Especially when their functions are amplified with the help of internet, computers may even make everything convenient and possible.
You can do shopping on the net. If your family wants to buy a TV, you can see a .
You need only to send a message to that store and the right amount of money will be taken out of your bank account and put into the store. Like this,you can buy anything you want without going out of the room.
You can work at home through computer. The internet, the main trading tool, makes SOHO (small office, home office) possible. This will make the workplace more comfortable and reduce transportation time and hence potentially boost actual work can learn a lot of knowledge from internet.
Internet presents a vivid world in front of us. Sitting before your computer, only by clicking the mouse, you can acquire the up to the minute news, the latest development in politics and science and the most peculiar customs and cultures in the world. It is the access to the information super highway for traveling through cyber Internet also shortens the distance between peoples.
Owning a computer, you can communicate with your relatives or friends by sending e mails no matter how far they are from you.
In summary, we have benefited a lot from the invention of , all new technologies trigger confusion such as some technical, economic and legal problems. So whenb we are enjoying the advantages new technology brings to us, we should also establish some new rules and laws to prevent the negative influence of technology.
Science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits. Thanks to science and technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently in houses furnished with air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and televisions etc. Thanks to science and technology, we can eat fresh vegetables att the year round. Thanks to science and technology, we can travel tong distances in the fraction of a second on planes, trains and cars. Thanks to science and technology, we wear clothes with synthetic materials which can not easily be worn out.
However, science and technology have atso brought us a tot of disasters. First, because of the many breakthroughs in the field of medicine, people are now living much longer than they used to. As a result, the population of the world is increasing,causing tots of problems. Second, because of the development of industry, tots of the wastes from factories pour into the air and rivers, causing pollution of att kinds. Third, some terrorists are using science and technology against mankind. They use biological, chemical and unclear weapons to threaten world peace...
So its urgent that we find ways to solve these problems. But we should not stop the development of science and technology because of these disasters they bring, just as we should not give up eating for fear of choking. In addition, we should make some rules to regulate our actions. As long as we use science and technology in a proper way, they may bring us even more benefits.
The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and have created many problems,which are not easy to be resolved,such as air pollution,the deterioration of environment and the scarcity of natural resources,to which we must some solutions.
Modern science and technology render people many telecommunication shortens the distance between people and makes communication much is widely used now not only for collection of abundant information but also for most effective communication device now,is becoming very and mobile phone make contact more convenient than before.
Modern transportation,such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smooth and the help of modern transportation,people can go everywhere they prefer journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any and space shuttles can help us realize the dream of space travel.
Modern medicine prolongs peoples life and relieves patients of sufferings from many and _ are fatal to peoples to the endeavors scientists have made,these diseases become treatable.
However,the process of scientific development also arouses many sever problems to our human widely used in modern communication,is easy to be destroyed by computer space exploration has produced much waste in the tiny metal,a screw,for example can destroy a flying man-made is making natural resources become scarce.
Confronted with these problems,scientists are seeking prompt and feasible development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent.
[Abstract] The exam-oriented education in this high speed, high-efficiency society has both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand it helps students to improve the proportion of entering higher grade schools, on the other hand, such one-sided quality educational pattern and environment also influence the students physique development. As the organic component, dancing education had played an important role in remedying such a defect. It can not merely enrich students emotion, develop students’ imagination, strengthen students’ self-confidence, sense of pride, but also make teenagers get calisthenics tall and straight limbs, noble sentiment, graceful makings, dignified instrument when they accept the education. So, the author set out from the connotation of the dancing education discussed its benefit factor and proposed some more tentative plan.
[Key words] exam-oriented education dance education
[关键词]应试教育，舞蹈教育
Technology has turned this world into a different one full of wonders, some of them being too good to be true. For example, mobile phone is playing an important role in our social and professional lives, whereas the Internet has connected people at every corner on the planet and beyond. As a consequence, telecommuting may soon become a more common way of working as more people are doing part of their jobs from home. And so what? Actually people are no closer to feeling happy in various respects because such technological developments are destroying many basic values of simple and easy lifestyles. Computers in particular have made life less emotional since the more time people use the Internet, the less time they spend with human beings.
In sum, there are reasons to be worried about what will become of mankind as a whole facing an increasingly complex world in which they may enjoy all the conveniences of life and yet they do not feel any happier or wiser. Who knows that over-dependence on modern technology could not mean the beginning of the end of human sparks of creativity, spirit, compassion, love and understanding and other good things about a simple and easy life. In making people's lives more enjoyable but more complex, technology seems as if sending plenty of blessings from heaven as well as sending plenty of evils from hell.
The original material is Chinese speeches made by Chinese President Xi Jinpingand Premier Li Keqiang respectively on the opening ceremony of the 9th and 10thChina-ASEAN Business and Investment Summit on September 3气 andSeptember 3rd, . The author has finished simulated simultaneous interpreting (SI inshort) and transcribed it into text. When analyzing C-E simulated simultaneous text, theauthor found two difficulties to be solved: I. cultural idiom C-E ; II. irregular parallel expression C-E simultaneous interpreting.
Under the guidance of interpretive theory, by example analyzing, the author putforward two countermeasures for cultural idiom C-E SI: one is interpretative replacing,the other is explaining connotation. There are also two countermeasures for irregularparallel expression C-E SI: one is interpretative reducing, the other is parallelly listingthe words of the same characteristic.
The above SI countermeasures provided the author with solutions to cultural idiomand parallel expression interpreting. They can help interpreters not only achieve thegoal of communication but also save time. The above countermeasures also providedother interpreters with certain reference in C-E simultaneous interpreting of similartopic speeches made by Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang.
摘要：
《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚戏剧作品之一，它的主题是歌颂善良，友谊和爱。
在这里，我们要提及人文主义—那段时期主要的特征区别，论文格式也展现在这部戏里最重要的角色上。
女权主义是人文主义最重要的一部分之一。
它的主要的目标和内容都是从人文主义的思想体系和人物性格中学习而来的。
人们研究莎剧主要从人文主义思想和人物形象两方面研究。
本文将从女性和女权主义角度分析《威尼斯商人》，结合该作品主要内容和背景，评议作品中的三个女性人物形象及其表现，揭示《威尼斯商人》深刻反映的女权和女性主义思想。
通过女性主义“妇女形象”批评方法，发现莎士比亚塑造了反传统的、具有现代思想的女性。
同男性形象相比，女性处于主动、中心地位而男性别处于被动、服从地位。
这与其他女性批评家所批评的男性笔下两个极端类型——好女人，坏女人相去甚远；相反的，他创造的女性人物有着反传统的和现代的思想。
莎翁的女性形象打破了父权中心，解构了父权社会对妇女的`界定，指明了莎士比亚的女权主义倾向。
关键词：
人类 ；精神 ；女性意识；价值；
Abstract:
The Merchant of Venice is one of dramatic work write by Shakespeare.
Its theme is to extol kindness, friendship and love，There, we mention Humanism—the main distinguishable feature of that period, also the bright characteristic which is shown from the important role in this play.
Feminism is an important part of Humanism.
And the main target and content are studied from this work are its humanism ideology and character image.
In accordance with the related bibliographies and spirit essences of female and feminism, while combining with the main contents and backgrounds of the work, this paper sees through and analysis’s the work from the angle of the female and feminism, as well as makes judgments on three female characters’ appearances and behaviors in this drama and reveals the feminism and female ideology that The Merchant of Venice has deeply reflected.
The paper intends to make an analysis of the merchant in Venice in the critics of the women image of feminism and finds that the women image in Shakespeares works is not the two extreme type created by female authors who are criticized by the feminism critics: good woman and bad woman; on the contrary, he creates the female characters with anti-tradition and modern ideas.
Compared with the male characters, the female ones are active and in central position and the male ones passive and subornation.
Thus the patriarchy-centered and deconstructs the definition of women in a patriarchal society and indicates the feminism tendency in Shakespeares works.
Keywords:
human; spirits; female consciousness; value
The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in people's lives.
Modern technology makes life more convenient. Using the Internet is popular nowadays. Years ago, people had to look through a lot of information just to buy what they wanted. It was easy for people to spend too much time doing research and become tired as a result. Now, all you have to do is use the Internet. It's a piece of cake!
With the development of science and technology, including high-speed transportation, video phones, and webcam meetings, the world has become smaller and smaller.
We all hope that modern technology will continue to reach the highest level, because science and technology make life more enjoyable indeed.
_Technology or tradition_, a sc-called contradiction, didn＇t become a popular topic until recently.
When the tradition of _men plow and women weave_ is broken up by the influx of advanced agricultural tools, skyscrapers stand firm where there used to be the homes of intimate neighbors, and handwork is replaced by machines, people can＇t help wondering, _What＇s wrong with us?_ Apprehensions abound among scholars.
Is it true that too much of our attention and energy have been diverted to the technology and the traditional culture will reduce to a desolation?
_Technology or tradition_ is a question causing increasingted to the technology and the traditional culture will reduce to a desolation?
_Technology or tradition_ is a question causing increasing controversy nowadays, but in my opinion, it is not a choice that we can make. It＇s true that technology will affect our traditionalculture but the former can and should never undermine the lat
With a history of thousands of years, traditional culture is not so fragile as we thought it might be.
It is rooted in our minds, influencing our every deed. We are strictly governed by the tradition passing from generation to generation.
Technology from which we benefit much in our daily life gives us conveniences and may change our lifestyle in some parts as well. Thus some tradition may be affected. Farmers lose their opportunity of plowing and, with the appearance of grain drill, their sowing skills are no longer needed but we should be cautious that technology also plays the role of selector here, singling the long lasting vital values while eliminating the others which account for only a small percentage. Permanent spirits such as _teamwork_and _love for others_ still stand firm in all societies and hold its dominance. Moreover, tradition doesn＇t always stay development is somewhat a process of evolution.
So why should our technological world be thought of as a threat rather than a system of selection in harmony with the human evolution?
In addition, what technology brings to our traditional world are changes, the gradual changes, rather than radical revolution that gives rise to chaos and panics. With new technology emerging, we＇re allowed to have enough time to look back and guard against its invasion into the core of our traditional culture to strive for a balance.
Looked at from another angle, new technological development also contributes to the enrichment and perfection of our traditional culture. It adds new contents to our culture and opens a new vista for it.
Two years ago, I went to the Museum of science and technology of the old hall, we will go to the Museum of science and technology today, it was built in the nest beside, I heard that there are many new things, I'm looking forward to.
Far away, we saw a big silver ball, and then we knew it was the 4D theater of the science museum.
We bought a ticket into the main hall, the main hall is divided into three layers, the first layer is the exploration and discovery, so many inside experience ah, I each try; the second layer is the technology and life experience, I fly, I sat in the cabin, saw numerous lights and button the pilot felt really great. The third floor is the challenge and the future. I've experienced the moonwalk and the robot dance. There are too many things in the main exhibition hall, some of them are very deep. When I grow up, I will play more when I know more knowledge.
We come from the main hall, bought a ticket to the Science Park, science park is very suitable for our students to play, just went to see a group of kids in the house, I also join, moving bricks can be so tired! Then I went to experience grinding grits, and milk, the most interesting is the bubble blowing, I use a large circular ring, blow a lot of big bubbles, bubbles in the air is really beautiful.
There are many projects I can not describe, because the science and Technology Museum is too big, I have been wandering for two days have not finished. If you're free, you'd better go and see for yourself.
The material of the interpretation project is Apple's 2013 iPhone media event heldin Cupertino on September 11, 2013. First of all, the interpreter had a simulated E-Csimultaneous interpretation of the video (no subtitles) of the event. The audiences werefive non-English major Apple lovers. Then, based on Skopos Theory, the interpreteranalyzed difficulties of the interpreting process and wrote this report.
”Apple 5c 5s Event“ belongs to technology product event. It has the features ofprofessional terminology and mass information. The difficulties of the practice can bedescribed as two aspects, they are: (1) interpretation of electronics terminology; (2)identification and processing of redundancy.
According to Skopos Theory, translation is a purposeful communicative action,and the skopos determines the whole translation procedure. The skopos of this project isto offer up-to-date product information to audiences who don't understand English andthe interpretation should be faithful and concise.
Given the above difficulties, the following interpretation strategies can be adopted:(1) prediction according to the context and speculation according to common sense; (2)reduction of unimportant information and combination of repeated information.
The rapid development of science and technology has brought about great changes to human life, including great harms and disasters .Then people enter into endless argument about whether science is dangerous or not.
So many examples can be figured out to prove the danger of science. Advanced technology can be easily manipulated by irresponsible persons as well as terrorist. Such as the Disaster 911, airplanes fly into buildings, fire burning, huge structures collapse, a lot of victims such as intellectual and business elites were sacrificed. Besides, As technology becomes more powerful day by day , we'll be complacent and lazy. Increased dependency on modern tools like calculators has reduced on our creativity. Students can’t solve a very simple mathematical equation without using a calculator. This affects the way these students uses their brains and reduces on the level of creativity.
Just like the saying goes that every coin has two sides. However, it ‘s obvious that we make the decision to choose which side. After 911, people condemn the terrorist not airplays. Student who got low marks should rethink his carelessness and laziness but not pass the buck to the calculator.
Any way, There is no dangerous science, but dangerous and irresponsible people. We are working very hard to solve such problems that come along with advances in science and technology, but the efforts are not sufficient and not very successful. Actually, the key lies in the user. Moralities such as responsibility, diligence and goodness should never be lost in our heart. Otherwise , the world would be full of danger even we turn back to the stone age.
医学论文摘要一般有一定的格式，主要可分为传统式摘要和结构式摘要两种，各自在结构、格式、分段、顺序等方面有一定的规律，当然也决不是一成不变的，不同的杂志各有其编排和投稿的具体要求。
1 结构式摘要简介
结构式摘要包括研究目的（purpose或objective）、方法（method）、结果（result）和结论（conclusion）四要素，字数一般在200~500字，要求简练、概括地归纳和提炼研究成果和实验结果，阐明论文的基本问题，重点放在与研究有关的内容和结论上，把论文的精华介绍给读者，并用恰当、合适的英语表达出来，使人对论文的全文有一个清晰的了解。
结构式摘要与传统式摘要相比，有明显的优越性：信息量大，叙述具体、明确，层次清楚，便于写作、阅读和专家审稿，也有利于文献的加工和整理。
2 时态
撰写医学论文结构式摘要所采用的时态主要有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时，具体采用何种时态，须依据摘要所表达的意思而定，力求正确。
一般现在时 主要用于介绍文章的目的、内容和结论，介绍目的.时，常用不定式来表达。
例：本文的目的在于突出放疗的重要性。
译：The purpose of this article is to emphasizethe importance of radiation therapy.
一般过去时 在结构式摘要中用得最广泛，撰写论文时，研究工作业已结束，研究过程已成为过去，因此，在方法与结果这两项内容中一般均采用过去时来表达，而且对研究对程中所进行的活动进行描述时也用一般过去时。
例：分析了89例早期肝癌的治疗结果。
译：The results of treatment of early liver cancerwere analyzed in 89 patients.
不过，若对实验结果进行分析和讨论，用现在时还是用过去时，应视具体情况而定：若讨论的是研究过程中所发现的具体情况，用过去时；若讨论的是一个实事，用现在时。
对研究成果的总结具有普遍性，用现在时；不具有普遍性，用过去时。
现在完成时 用于说明论题的发展背景，表示持续到撰写论文时的行为或状态，或表示动作已完成。
例：从发病时起，对病人随访了三年。
译：The patients have been followed for 3 yearssince the beginning of their disease.
3 被动语态
英汉相比，英语多用被动语态，在医学英语中被动语态使用得尤其广泛，翻译摘要时，往往采用第三人称的被动语态，这样可避免提及有关的执行者，句子的容量增加，重心后移，表达更具有英语味，行文也更显得客观，使读者的注意力集中在描述的事物、现象或过程上，而且被动语态在结构上有较大的调节余地，利于采用必要的修辞手段和突出重要的概念、问题、事实、结论等内容，利于扩展名词短语，扩大句子的信息量。
因此，翻译时若省去动作的执行者，强调动作的承受者，或者为了语篇的需要，均宜采用被动语态。
不过，在某些特殊情况下，采用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更简练，表达更直接有力，选用何种语态，有时要视具体上下文作决定。
例：很久以来，人们就已知道适量的抗坏血酸盐对创伤的充分愈合和对增强细菌感染的防御机制是极为必要的。
译： It has long been known that adequateamount of ascorbate areessential for the proper hea—ling of wounds and to enhance the defensive me—chanisms against bacterial infection.
4 转换思维模式
英汉语的思维模式存在差异，有时甚至大相径庭，翻译时需注意逻辑思维上的差异，用英语的思维方式地道转达内涵，不可照汉语方式字字对译。
照字面译，常不合英语习惯，有时还令人困惑不解。
欧化的汉译文，诘屈聱牙，中国读者读了感到头痛，反之，若按汉语方式照搬，汉化的英文，外国同行也势必难以理解，因此，翻译时决不可生搬硬套或囿于原文字词的语法和字面意义，必须改变中文的模式，才不会出现汉语式英语（Chinglish）。
例1：病人牙痛得历害。
译：The patient’ s teeth pained seriously. （错误）。
又译：The patient had a terrible toothache.（正确）。
医学专业人员对英语应用不够熟练，对摘要的英文写作或翻译常达不到比较标准的水平，尚存在一些原则性问题，因此，应谨而慎之。
论文摘要翻译中不用翻译的词汇
汉语里有些名词，如“工作”、“问题”、“条件”、“状况”、“情况”等，有时有具体含义，有时没有具体含义，或具体含义不多。
如“我提个问题”中的“问题”一词，有具体含义，汉译英时必须译出，译成May
I ask a question；而“人民内部的矛盾问题”中的“问题”一词，则无具体含义，不必译出，只需译成contradictions among the
people。
这种无具体含义的词，人们称之为“范畴词”（category
words）。
我们在写英文摘要时，或者将论文的汉语摘要译成英文时，这类范畴词通常不需要写出或译出。
例1 论公关工作在全面质量管理中的作用
Function of Public Relations in Total Quality
Contro1.（比较：“工作服”译成clothes）
“公关工作”等于“公关”（公共关系），故“工作”不必译出，只译成public relation即可。
例2 关于建筑产品质量问题的法律思考
A Consideration from the Angle of Law on the Quality of Building
Products.（比较：“关键的问题”译成a key problem）本例中“产品质量问题”即“产品质量”，故“问题”一词无需译出。
例3 论劳动力市场需求约束条件下的经济模式
The Economic Model Restrained by Market Demands of Labour Force.
“ 需求约束条件下的模式”等于“ 需求约束下的 模式”，故“条件”一词 未译。
（比较：“自然条件”译成natural
conditions）
总之，遇到“工作”、“问题”等词时，是否需要译出，关键是看这些词是否具有实际含义，或者说是否属于范畴词。
我们应该根据上下文仔细推敲，以使译文尽可能准确地表达原文含义。
With the development of the times, tourism industry is flourishing. There is avariety of guidebooks,whose translation, to a certain degree, influences the growth oflocal tourism. This translation report is based on the Chinese-English translation ofHangzhou Travel Guild ，
论文英文摘要
The translator has translated a part of the book andthen finished the report in the hope of offering practical guidance for some departmentsrelevant with tourism and promoting the development of tourism.
During the translation practice, because of the big differences between Chineseand English culture and language, the translator came across the following difficulties:
(1) the translation of culture-loaded words; (2) the translation of long sentences. Underthe guidance of Skopos Theory, the translator considered that the translation of travelguide should focus on the target text readers and the translated version should be inaccordance with the writing features of the target text and cater to the target readers.
Combined with detailed examples, the translator put forward the followingstrategies: (1) addition,omission and compression; (2) integrating and splittingsentences. This report proposed the corresponding specific strategies, which can offersome referential value to the translators to translate the tourism texts.
In August 3rd, my long-awaited day arrived, because my father wanted to take us to Beijing. With Chao Chuxiang and my childhood companion, I got on the train to Beijing, and the wind brought us to the capital of our motherland -- Beijing.
The train, I saw a tall building in Beijing, they are like a soldier guarding the city. After lunch, we arrived at the China Science and technology museum. As soon as I entered the gate, I was attracted by the motion template at the door, and the piston moved and drove the attached device to run regularly. In the hall, all the students from all over the country are watching the magic things carefully. We came to the two floor, where there were a lot of people watching the little ball adventure. With the _bang_ sound, the ball is pushed to a place by the high pressure air, and it moves for a period of time, but every time it can accurately fall in the designated position, it is amazing.
We went out of the showroom and Dad took me to the movies. Entering the cinema, a huge ball of shadow appeared in front of me, and you couldn't imagine its huge scene. The movie started, the shock of the film, so that the audience is like immersive, if you are not hands-on experience, you can not feel his charm.
How time flies! Suddenly, the science and Technology Museum. At the time, I left unable to part. Coming out of the science museum, I thought, _next time, I'm going to come here and see the magic of this technology.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, people’s life takes on a brand new look, especially the communication.
No one can deny that we enjoy the convenience of hi-tech products such as mobile phones and computers. They have enormously changed the ways of communication in shortening the distance between people as well as making instant contact possible. The speeding-up mobile technology has efficiently promoted the dream of “global village”.
However, each coin has two sides. Since mobile technology has progressed rapidly, there occurs some lamentable phenomenon. The high technology make our , but it doesn’t mean.
英文论文摘要格式
一、英文论文摘要的种类
摘要主要有三种：学术论文摘要，学术会议摘要及由专门摘要撰写者撰写的摘要。
本文主要探讨学术论文英文摘要。本文所选英文摘要例子均引自国内外语类核心期刊，以体现该研究对象的代表性。Arbor认为，根据撰写方法的不同，学术论文摘要主要有两种：一种是结果式摘要。这种摘要围绕研究发现结果为中心而撰写，有时会附带写上基于发现结果而得出的结论;另外一种是总结陈述式摘要，即对所撰写论文的总结陈述。
还需要注意的是，这片摘要并没有在研究结果的基础上写出据此得出的结论。选择何种方法撰写摘要，主要根据论文内容所属的研究类型和所采取的研究方法而定。本文认为，一般情况下，采用定量研究方法的论文摘要多为“结果式”;采用定性研究方法的'论文摘要多为“总结陈述式”。
二、英文摘要的结构要素
黄国文将英文摘要的结构要素归纳为六个：主题阐述、背景信息、目的陈述、方法论和语料、研究结果、发现和研究所带来的启示和结论，并指出并非所有的论文摘要都完全包括这六个要素，“事实上，一些成分是必选的，而其他成分是可有可无的”。
Slade也认为,“一篇摘要必须包括简明扼要的主题阐述，主要发现及意义，还有结论”。“摘要中一定要有方法和论文内容的重要词句，这样，此篇摘要才会在电脑中被搜索到，进而让读者决定是否阅读”。所以，在撰写摘要时，要根据具体的论文明确判断哪些要素是摘要必须包括的。
三、英文摘要的语法特点
1.英文摘要语句中主语的语法特点
2.英文摘要的时态特点
时态上，摘要也具有其自身的特点。Arbor认为，表示总结的语句通常与一般现在时或现在完成时;表示结果的语句可用过去时。Arbor还指出，“现在时态用于表示结果的语句这一情况通常易发生在自然科学领域而少发生在社会科学领域”。“主观用语的使用也易发生在自然科学领域”。
四、英文论文摘要的书写方法
摘要是论文内容的简要陈述，是一篇完整的、可以独立使用的短文，因而必须具有自含性。即：读者即使不阅读论文的全文也可以从摘要中获得必要的、与论文等量的信息，以判断有无必要阅读全文。摘要一般应包括研究题目的选择理由和目的;研究的方法或者过程;研究的发现或者成果。
五、摘要格式
英文主标题格式：可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文英文主标题”，或手动设置(Times New Roman，四号，加粗，居中，段前段后均为0行，单倍行距)。
英文副标题格式：可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文英文副标题”，或手动设置(Times New Roman，小四，加粗，居中，段前行，段后0行，单倍行距)。
英文标题下空一行为英文摘要。英文摘要正文格式：可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“英文摘要正文”或手动设置(Times New Roman，小四，行距为固定值20磅)。英文摘要后空一行，另起一行列出英文关键词。“Key words：”格式：首行缩进2字符，Times New Roman，小四，加粗。“Key words：”后紧接英文关键词。关键词之间用分号间隔，最后一个末尾不加标点。英文关键词全部小写。英文关键词格式：Times New Roman，小四，行距为固定值20磅。
ABSTRACT，是用最为浓缩的语言将你论文的核心内容表述出来。
删去属于文艺青年的文绉绉的形容词!删去属于二缺青年的“机器译文”!只留下普通、平实的内容。
概述(30词左右)：用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。
例如：This paper is… 或 This study focuses on…
方法(50词左右)：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。
常用的词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。
结论(60词左右)：删去类似于“The result of the study showed that…” 的赘语，逐条罗列出结论。
展望(20词左右)：指出研究对未来的意义，如 This paper is of great significance in… 或指出不足。
一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要，特殊情况可以分成两到三段，但最好不要超过三段。
长度一般为200字到300字之间。
4. 英文摘要用什么语态和人称?
规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态，突出信息。
但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚，现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。
摘要的时态以一般现在时为主，表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。
在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时，用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。
描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时，总结主要的结果时通常用一般现在时。
注意：用paper 做主语来描述论文概况时后面常用一般现在时：This paper aims to focus on… 而采用study 来描述相同的内容时则常用一般过去时：This study investigated…
7. 一定不能出现的东西
论文摘要英文格式
英语论文摘要部分怎么写?英文摘要的写作规范是怎么样的?请看下面：
1、英语摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，以提供论文内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地阐述论文重要内容的短文。
2、英文摘要必须符合“拥有与论文同等量的主要信息”的原则。
为此，英文摘要应重点包括4个要素，即研究目的、方法、结果、结论。
在这4个要素中，后2个是最重要的。
在执行上述原则时，有些情况下，英文摘要可包括研究工作的主要对象和范围，以及具有情报价值的其它重要的信息。
3、英文摘要句型力求简单，通常有10个意义完整语句顺畅的句子。
4、英文摘要不应有引言中出现的内容，也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论，不得简单重复题名中已有的信息;不用非公知公用的符号和术语，不用引文，除非该论文证实或否定了他人已发表的论文，缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明;科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位，正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于英文摘用的编写。
留学生英语论文摘要怎么写?
留学生英语论文摘要怎么写：浅谈英文摘要写作
目的(30词左右)：用To…就可以了，没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的`表述。
留学生英语论文摘要怎么写：英文摘要多少字合适?
留学生英文论文摘要怎么写：英文摘要语态
留学生英语论文摘要怎么写：英文摘要用什么人称?
留学生英语论文摘要怎么写：英文摘要用什么时态?
留学生英语论文摘要怎么写：关于标点符号 和数字的运用
标点的运用
It was the last day of Beijing tourism, and we came to the new China Science and technology museum.
In the hall, the most striking thing is the magic pendulum over the top of the head. It has many white spheres, up and down, left and right swing, from time to time to change a variety of beautiful shapes. Dad said the magic square was designed by a Chinese scientist. Looking at the magic pendulum, I can not help but marvel at the magic of science and technology.
We took the sightseeing elevator to the two floor. The first thing that comes up to you is three dinosaur fossils. This is Yunnan province donated to the national science and technology museum. Which is the largest museum Street dragon, thirteen meters high, twenty-seven meters long, is the most in asia. Another two smaller dragons, one is a double ridge dragon, one is Lu Feng long. Look at these three huge monster, I seem to see the Jurassic period, the three dinosaur swagger walk.
Come to the third floor, explore and live exhibition hall, see from ancient times to now, washing machine from scratch, step by step progress process.
On the four floor, the capsule of Shenzhou 1 is standing in front of us. Return to the cabin as an ancient bell, its body, keep landing when burning, as if to tell us its extraordinary experience.
I think the science museum is fun, and let me push back the door to scientific knowledge again_. My father and mother agreed that next year we will come!
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