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table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
bar chart illustrates that……
该柱状图展示了……
graph provides some interesting data regarding……
该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
diagram shows (that)……
该图向我们展示了……
pie graph depicts (that)……
该圆形图揭示了……
is a cure graph which describes the trend of……
这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
figures/statistics show (that)……
数据(字)表明……
tree diagram reveals how……
该树型图向我们揭示了如何……
data/statistics show (that)……
该数据(字)可以这样理解……
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……
这些数据资料令我们得出结论……
is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table……
如图所示……
to the chart/figures……
根据这些表(数字)……
is shown in the table……
如表格所示……
can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……
从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the chart that……
从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到……
is a graph which illustrates……
这个图表向我们展示了……
table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……
该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。
graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in……
该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。
is a column chart showing……
这是个柱型图，描述了……
can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of……
如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
the period from……to……the……remained level.
在……至……期间，……基本不变。
the year between……and……
在……年到……期间……
the 3 years spanning from 1995 through ……
1995年至1998三年里……
then on/from this time onwards……
从那时起……
number of……remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year)。
……月(年)至……月(年)……的数量基本不变。
number sharply went up to……
数字急剧上升至……
percentage of……stayed the same between……and……
……至……期间……的比率维持不变。
figures peaked at……in(month/year)
……的数目在……月(年)达到顶点，为……
percentage remained steady at……
比率维持在……
percentage of……is sightly larger/smaller than that of……
……的比例比……的比例略高(低)。
is not a great deal of difference between……and……
……与……的区别不大。
graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……
该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。
33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.
……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。
situation reached a peak(a high point at) of[%].
……的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为……百分点。
figures/situation bottomed out in……
数字(情况)在……达到底部。
figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。
is ……times as much/many as b.
a是b的……倍。
increased by……
a增长了……
increased to……
a增长到……
percentage.
比低高(低)
is an upward trend in the number of……
……数字呈上升趋势。
considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to……
……到……发生急剧上升。
……to……the rate of decrease slow down.
从……到……，下降速率减慢。
this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……
从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
similar to……
与……相似
the same as……
1、图形种类及概述法：
泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
饼图：pie chart
直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram
趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram
表格图：table
流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram
程序图：processing/procedures diagram
2、常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，
figures/statistics shows (that)……
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ……
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……
3、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法
数据(Data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time
持续变化的data在不同情况下：
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ……
减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……
波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……
稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……
最常用的两种表达法：
动词+副词形式(Verb+Adverb form)
形容词+名词形式(Adjective+Noun form)
范文一：
Student Use of Computer
Students tend to use computers more and more frequently nowadays.
Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply.
In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in , the number soared to 20 hours.
Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular.
There are several reasons for this change.
First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life.
Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers.
We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet.
Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.
However, there still exist some problems, such as poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on.
And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem.
Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.
范文二：
Film Is Giving Way to TV
It can be seen from the graph that the rate of car accidents in Walton City experienced rises and falls in 1990.
From January to March last year it increased by 45%.
From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate.
From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%.
After that, however, there was a steady decrease.
There are several reasons for this improvement, but the following are the most critical ones.
First, new traffic regulations have made drivers more careful.
Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation.
Finally, in the later part of the year good weather made the roads safer to drive on.
I am confident that there will be even fewer car accidents in Walton in the future.
First, major roads have been repaired and the number of public buses has been increased in the past few months.
Moreover, a traffic safety campaign has made all the local people more aware of the dangers of unsafe driving.
一、说明原因型
模块（一）
Nowadays , there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.
The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides, ( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ). To sum up , the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .
It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing , ( 6 ). On the other hand , ( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX .
注释：
（1）用具体数据说明XX现象；
（2）原因一；
（3）原因二；
（4）原因三；
（5）指出主要原因；
（6）解决建议一；
（7）解决建议二。
范文：Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children' s unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).
Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows .
The first one is that ( the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes , thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides (due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don’t spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .
It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents ). On the other hand , ( parents also should show solicitue for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .
模块（2）
In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on ( 1 ).
The factors for ( 2 ) .First of all ,( 3 ).Then , there comes a case that ( 4 ). Moreover , ( 5 ) .Especially when ( 6 ) .
Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remind people that ( 7 ).In this way ,we should behave just like ( 8 ).
范文：The impact of Television
In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels .It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children ). Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.
The factors for (parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it .) . First of all , (with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much exercise as they should ). Then , there comes a case that ( some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). Moreover , ( the effect on children’s minds are more serious than the effect on children' s bodies ) . Especially when ( the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them ) .
Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that ( they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children' s TV viewing ). In this way , children will not be influented too deeply.
模块（3）
Currently, XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX .
It is clear that ( 1 ). If you ( 2 ), as a result , your dreams willcome true . On the contrary, if you ( 3 ). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through .
No one can deny another fact that ( 4 ) . You donn' t have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know ( 5 ) .
It will exert a profound influence upon ( 6 ). With reference to my standpoint , I think ( 7 ).
1 ： XX的第一个优点
2： 支持XX的做法
3：不支持XX的做法
4：XX的第二个优点
5：举例证明优点二
6：说明XX优点三的影响
范文：The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day . This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.
It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities ). If you ( are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true .On the contrary, if you ( have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through .
No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed) . You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know (the secret of lies in preserverence and self-confidence, the latter in particular) .
It will exert a profound influence upon ( the achievement of one's ambitions ). With reference to my standpoint ,I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).
模块（4）
For most of us today ,( 1 ).
From above ,we can find that the reasons why ( 2 ) are as follows. The primary reason ,I think, is ( 3 ). Second,( 4 ). The third reason, actually ,is ( 5 ).
The significance for ( 6 ) . Therefore ,( 7 ).
（1）人们针对XX的态度和举措
（2）归纳现状
（3）第一个原因
（4）第二个原因
（5）第三个原因
（6）重申造成现状的最重要原因
（7）我的建议
范文：pollution
Most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. Lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. Many fish die of poisonous water. Thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. Therefore , environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling ,or bringing death not only to human beings ,
but also to wild life .)
From above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously ) are as follows. The primary reason, I think , is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. For example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. However ,they pollute air, water and land ). Second, (the gas coming from the car engines
_______as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.
From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.
In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
图表类英语写作【2】
01 题型
今年全国大学生英语竞赛的命题大纲上，关于小作文部分是这样写的：
“第一道赛题是小作文，分值为10分，主要以应用文和描述性作文为主。
应用文多以信函、通知、广告等内容出现;描述性作文多以给出数据、图表等素材，要求参赛者对所给材料进行描述说明来作文，本部分作文主要考察参赛者对信息的捕捉并用英语进行准确描述的能力。”
英语竞赛&BEC有字数上限，超过上限扣分。
百度了一下之前的竞赛题，竟然从08~都是考的应用文，从letter到email到notice等等，这样看来图表题目前只连续考了3年，应该还没过气?加上今年的'样题是图表，应该考图表的概率还是会大一些吧?(虽然样题是写信，但是初赛仍然考了图表…)反正今天就是讲一下图表!!要是明天真的考了应用文，我就只能装傻了…
图表类主要是柱状图(Bar Chart)、折线图(LIne Chart)、饼状图(Pie Chart)和细目表(Table Chart)四种。
柱状图&折线图：变化趋势&特殊数据
饼状图&细目表：各项占比&相互比较
下面也把14-17的4套题分这两类举栗子了!
02 通用
开头：一句话，说明图表描述了什么
正文：描述
结尾：一句话，整体性总结
1. 注意横、纵轴各自表示什么(柱&线);
2. 注意单位;
3. 注意最大、最小值。
开头：
The ___ chart(s) / graph demonstrate(s) / show(s) / 别的同义词 + 图表描述的对象
(第一个空就是看这是啥图or表，bar还是line还是pie等等)
正文：
趋势，有规律的show a relatively steady trend, 万一里面有个突变就except它，或者是sudden / rapid / sharp rise / increase / fall / decline等等这样;没规律可能就先说一句它fluctuate，然后具体怎么啥时候rise啥时候fall，都介绍一下(同时注意字数不要超啊!)
占比，先说谁最多，大概占了多少~然后别人分别多少多少，可以降序写吧，但是不要每一项写一个句子，太僵硬了!可以用As for A，是多少or占比多少， while B占了多少，这种一句写几项的句式~然后最后谁最少还是要说明一下它“最少”的地位
结尾：
In a word / In conclusion / To sum up 等等你们懂的词, it is clear that + 你的结论. (饼状图的话可以就说一个最有特色的数据这样!)
1. 占多少
应该无论哪种题里面都是最常用的了~
take up、account for、make up、contribute to、comprise、constitute等等
2. 比重
数字+percent(不能加s!)
the percentage of XX is XX
proportion、rate、share也是比例的意思
另外，特殊比重可以特殊表达：
25%=a quarter
33%=one/a third
50%=half
67%=two thirds
75%=three quarters
实际应用的时候，这些分数±5%同样可以这样表达，用slightly over / under这五个分数，既丰富了表达，又很符合学术表达。
表示“占同样比例”可以用：
A accounts for the same percentage as B.
The proportion of A is as high as B.
A and B contributed equally / evenly to all.
3.排序
第一/最小：the largest/biggest proportion of
第二：the second/next + 最高级(largest等等)
第三四五六：followed closely by
最低/最小 the smallest percent of all
“接下来”通用的：Next comes… / … comes next / It is followed by… / This is followed by…
03 四套题
柱状图&折线图
根据这三年的真题&今年样题分析，柱状图还是很热门的，但是折线貌似暂时没考过…
15年真题
看清楚单位是万人，英语表达的“万”是“十千”，不要直接在数字后面加个thousand就完事哈!
趋势的话这个就比较平稳，然后突变在那个，而且注意那个是预测值!和之前几年的统计数据不一样的!
感觉今年变难了，因为不仅有两个图，第一个图还有两种数据要加图例了…正文部分还是该怎么答就怎么答吧，只是注意字数!最后结尾的部分，总结的时候就可以给两幅图来个比较，国际旅游和国内旅游比怎么样，国际旅行中外国游客和中国游客比又怎么样
饼状图&细目表
14年真题
英国人租房花钱最多，存钱最少，这句话就可以做总结了…正文地方就按上面的说法随意描述一下
这个蜜汁图表我也不知道该叫啥，但是功能其实跟一个没有写出百分比的饼状图差不多…写法也就差不多大家自己思考一下
04 小结
注意字数
1. As is shown by the graph,(in the table.)… (概述图表)
正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。
As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.
2. It can be seen from the table that(shown graph/concluded figures/estimated statistics) … (得出结论)
A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。
From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.
B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。
It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.
3. …amount to … (数量总计)(add up to/come to/sum up to)
全部费用合计200美元。
All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.
4. …increase from …to … (数量增减)(decrease/rise/fall/drop)
A. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。
The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.
B.参加者的人数增加到30万。
The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons
C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。
The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.
5.(be)three times as + 形容词+ as
上升17% rise by 17percent
日产量the daily output
导致产量下降result in a diminished output
现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。
The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.
is (was) a rapid rise in …be on the rise (有了一个较快、较慢、较稳定的上升、下降)
has been sharp increase on the increase
sudden decrease on the decline
steady decline
gradual fall
slow drop
最近几年来这个地区的产量有了迅速增长。
The output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.
图表类英语作文框架
第一段只写三句
第一句：As is shown in the graph above， we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in … from…to…
第二句：The first … years saw…
第三句：The last … years witnessed …
第二段只写四句
第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are … reasons。
第二句：Firstly， …
第三句：Secondly，…
第四句：Finally，…
第三段只写四句
第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people。
第二句：For one thing， …
第三句：For another， …
第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem。
1. I reckon, 用于阐述自己的观点，比 “I think I”更正式。
. I reckon it will be much faster to get to London by train.
2. In my view,比 “in my opinion更正式，经常用于讨论重要的事情。
. In my view, they made a huge mistake in not sellingthe company when they had the chance.
3. It seems to me & All things considered，皆可用于仔细思考问题或局势时。
. (i) It seems to me that they are spending more money than they need to attract new talent intothe company.
(ii) All things considered, I think we made a wise choice in recruiting James.
4. If you ask me，用于当你的`观点于对方十分重要时;
. If you ask me, she has spoilt her children far too much.
不过有时人们会在没被提问的情况下用到此句;
. “If you ask me,…..” “But I didn’t ask you….!”
5. To be honest &To tell you the truth &To be frank，皆用于知道对方可能不喜欢你的观点时。
. (i) To tell you the truth, your father was right when he said that you undersoldthe company.
(ii) To be honest, I preferred it when you were blonde.
(iii) To be frank, I thought her acting was simply terrible.
6. Frankly speaking，更加直白的方式，用于熟悉的人。
. (i)You would use this expression to give your opinion in a more familiar and forthright way.
(ii) Frankly speaking, I don’t know what she sees in him.
7. Personally，这用于强调自己在阐述个人观点时。
. (i)This is used to emphasize that you are giving your own opinion
(ii) Personally, I think the CEO should apologize for his appalling behavior at the shareholders’ meeting.
8. To my mind& As far as I’m concerned，皆可用于对方不同意你的观点时。
. (i) To my mind,private education is better thanstate education.
(ii) As far as I’m concerned, tennis is a much more interesting sport than football.
1.各种图表的.名称(Types of chart)
饼状图(Pie chart)： 饼状图内部分成一块一块，用于表示所占分量，那一块一块就叫“segment”，
线形图(Line graph)： 横轴叫axis,枢轴叫vertical,实线是solid line,虚线是broken line柱状图(Bar chart)： 每一个矩形就叫一个bar表(Table)： 表的“行”是“row”，“列”是“column”流程图(Flow chart)组织结构图(organigram
2.描述变化时(Describing Change)
(1)向上的趋势(Upward movement)：
To increase/rise/go up
To grow/expand
To rocket/boom/soar
. We increased sales。
We expanded our workforce。
We raised our prices。(注意：Raise是及物动词)
(2)向下的趋势(Downward movement)
To decrease/fall/drop/decline/go down
To slump/collapse/plummet/crash
注意：decrease和drop是及物动词
(3)不再变动(an end to movement)
To flatten out/ level off
(4)无变化(No change)
To remain constant/stable
To stay the same/ at the same level
To maintain/hold/keep
. We need to hold our costs down，
我们需要保持低成本
3.变化的程度(Degree of change)
Dramatically/considerably/significantly/moderately/slightly
. Sales have fallen considerably。
销售大幅度下降
Profits rose slightly。
利润缓慢上升
4.变化速度(Speed of change)
Rapidly/quickly/suddenly/gradually/steadily/slowly
. Sales went up rapidly。
销售迅速增长
有了以上词汇，在描述一幅图表的时候就有了更多的选择啦！
希望能够在考试或者presentation的时候帮到大家！
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